In addition, there was a rapid rise in laborer concerts after the war. Especially in Germany (since the inflation in 1923) and Austria, many members of high-society had faced financial decline during the war and were forced to abandon their seats, while those who gained wealth during the conflict crowded the subscription concerts and operas. Unlike the late national Romanticism of the composers of the Russian Empire, such as Alexander Glazunov (1865-1936), Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) and Rachmaninov, a satiric-mechanic dryness characterized the experimental avant-garde works of young Soviet composers such as Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975) and Nikolai Myaskovsky (1881-1950).įrom the bourgeoisie to the masses: The end of Romanticism ↑įrom a social perspective, the decline of Romanticism after the war can be understood in terms of the decline of the so-called concert music culture, which had been an institution of the high bourgeoisie. The birth of the Soviet Union also led to a new phenomenon in music history. Prominent composers like Ravel, Darius Milhaud (1892-1974), Erwin Schulhoff (1894-1942), Stravinsky, and Paul Hindemith (1895-1963) used idioms of blues and jazz. In the 1920s, American dances such as the Boston and the shimmy became fashionable in Europe. As early as 1917, black musicians from the “Harlem Hellfighters” infantry division were playing "genuine" jazz in Paris under the direction of James Reese Europe (1881-1919) and causing a great sensation. In the post-war era, American popular music influenced aspects of European art music. Adorno (1903-1969) insisted in Philosophy of New Music was represented by two contrary tendencies: the twelve-tone technique of Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) and the new classicism of Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971). In the 1920s, especially in Germany, people spoke of the overnight Bankrott (bankruptcy) of Romanticism and the birth of the neue Musik (new music), which Theodor W. Many representative turn-of-the-century composers had either died - Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), Alexander Scriabin (1872-1915), Claude Debussy (1862-1918), and Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) - or had lost their creative energy - Richard Strauss (1864-1949), Maurice Ravel (1875-1937), Jean Sibelius (1865-1957), Sergei Rachmaninov (1873-1943), etc. The First World War marked the end of the “long 19 th century” in music history – the epoch of the civic music culture that began with the Vienna classical period in the latter half of the 18 th century and flourished during the Romantic era. The First World War as a turning point in European music history ↑
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